Nodular Ductile Iron Microstructure consisting of nodular graphite in a pearlitic matrix surrounded by ferrite islands (bullseye graphite)
Surface Finish Roughness Analysis:
Surface roughness is the measure of the finer surface irregularities in the surface texture. These are the result of the manufacturing process employed to create the surface. Surface roughness (Ra) is rated as the arithmetic average deviation of the surface valleys and peaks expressed in microinches or micrometers.
The ability of a manufacturing operation to produce a specific surface roughness depends on many factors. For example, in end mill cutting, the final surface roughness depends on the rotational speed of the end mill cutter, the velocity of the traverse, the rate of feed, the amount and type of lubrication at the point of cutting, and the mechanical properties of the piece being machined. A small change in any of the above factors can have a significant effect on the final surface finish. 
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