Case hardening (carburizing) produced globular and semi continuous carbides an undesirable brittle phase in the case microstructure
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is used to identify functional groups in chemical structures, identifying polymers based on the absorption patterns of infrared light.
Attenuated total reflectance accessories (ATR) are used to analyze solid samples such as polymer films, resins, fabrics, powders, and pastes. Thermogravimetric analysis interfaced to a mass spectrometer (TGA/MS)-TGA measures the change in mass of a sample. An interface to a MS allows the molecular weight of small molecules (gases) to be determined after degradation in the TGA. It can be used to identify the individual mass losses in the TGA by molecular weight.
Scanning electron microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM EDS) is a technique used for identifying elemental composition of an entire specimen or of a specified area on that specimen at magnifications up to 200,000X.
